Glossary
3G2 - The3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) is a collaboration between telecommunications associations to make a globally applicable third generation 3G mobile phone system specification within the scope of the ITU's IMT-2000 project. In practice, 3GPP2 is the standardization group for CDMA2000, the set of 3G standards based on earlier 2G CDMA technology.
3GP,3GPP- The mpeg4 based video format used in mobile terminals, like cell phones.
4:3 standard - The 4:3 ratio (generally named as: "Four-Three", "Four-by-Three" or "Four-to-Three") for standard television has been in use since television's origins and many computer monitors use the same aspect ratio. 4:3 is the aspect ratio defined by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences as a standard after the advent of optical sound-on-film. By having TV match this aspect ratio, films previously photographed on film could be satisfactorily viewed on TV in the early days of the medium (i.e. the 1940s and the 1950s). When cinema attendance dropped, Hollywood created widescreen aspect ratios (such as the 1.85:1 ratio mentioned earlier) in order to differentiate their industry from the TV.
16:9 standard - 16:9 (generally named as: "Sixteen-Nine", "Sixteen-by-Nine" or "Sixteen-to-Nine") is the international standard format of HDTV as used in Australia, Canada, Japan, South Korea, and the United States, as well as in Europe on HDTV and non-HD widescreen television (EDTV) PALplus.
AAC - Stands for Advanced Audio Coder, is a standardized, lossy compression and encoding scheme for digital audio. Designed to be the successor of the MP3 format it has better sound quality and smaller size than MP3. Many mobile devices support AAC format like SonyEricsson's W890i, Sony's Walkman, Apple's iPhone, Nokia, Motorola, Samsung, BenQ-Siemens and Philips, BlackBerry, Nintendo's Wii, Creative Zen Portable, Microsoft Zune, (PSP) with firmware 2.0 or greater. An audio-encoding standard for MPEG-2 that is not backward, compatible with MPEG-1 audio.
AC3 - (Dolby Digital ac-3) is the common version containing up to six discrete channels of sound, with five channels for normal-range speakers (20 Hz – 20,000 Hz) (right front, center, left front, right rear and left rear) and one channel (20 Hz – 120 Hz) for the subwoofer driven low-frequency effects like explosion and hammerblow. Batman Returns was the first film to use Dolby Digital technology.
APE - (monkey's audio) A file with the extension .ape, is an audio file compressed using Monkey's Audio. Monkey's Audio is a lossless compression, which means it does not permanently discard data during compression. It achieves compression rates of around 40%. Since it is lossless, the quality of the audio after compression will be the exact same. And we can only convert the CD and uncompressed WAV to APE for the moment, MP3 is not available. Officially, Monkey's Audio is only available for the Microsoft Windows platform.
ASF - Stands for Advanced Streaming Format. Stores audio and video information and it is specially designed to run on networks like the Internet. ASF is a highly flexible and compressed format that contains streaming audio, video, slide shows, and synchronized events. When you use ASF files, content is delivered to you as a continuous flow of data. When an AVI file is compressed and converted to an ASF file, the file begins playing after only a few seconds.
Aspect Ratio - The aspect ratio of an image is its width divided by its height. Aspect ratios are mathematically expressed as x :y (pronounced "x-to-y") and x×y (pronounced "x-by-y"). The most common aspect ratios used today in the presentation of films in movie theaters are 1.85:1 and 2.39:1. Two common videographic aspect ratios are 4:3 (1.33:1), universal for standard-definition video formats, and 16:9 (1.78:1), universal to high-definition television and European digital television. Other cinema and video aspect ratios exist, but are used infrequently. In still camera photography, the most common aspect ratios are 4:3 and 3:2, though other aspect ratios, such as 5:4, 7:5, and 1:1 (square format), are used.
AVI - Stands for Audio Video Interleaved, storing sound and moving pictures in RIFF format developed by Microsoft. An AVI file can use different codec and formats so there is no set format for an AVI file unlike for example standard VCD video which sets a standard for resolution, bitrates, and codec used.
Bit Rate - Bitrate or Bit rate is the average number of bits that one second of video or audio data will consume. Higher bitrate means bigger file size and generally better video or audio quality while lower bitrate means lower file size but worse video or audio quality. Some bitrate examples in common video and audio files:
MP3 about 128 kbps (kilobits per second)
VCD about 1374 kbps
DVD about 4500 kbps
DV about 25 Mbps (megabits per second)
Codec - A codec is a device or program capable of performing encoding and decoding on a digital data stream or signal. The word codec may be a combination of any of the following: 'Compressor-Decompressor', 'Coder-Decoder', or 'Compression/Decompression algorithm'.
Deinterlacing - Deinterlacing is the process of converting interlaced video, like common analog television signals, into a non-interlaced form.
Encoder - An encoder is a device used to change a signal (such as a bitstream) or data into a code. The code may serve any of a number of purposes such as compressing information for transmission or storage, encrypting or adding redundancies to the input code, or translating from one code to another.
FLV - SWF is not the only Flash format. FLV files (Flash Video Files) are a binary file format that delivers "bitmapped" video, limited to one video and one audio stream per file, over the Internet to the Macromedia Flash Player version 7. FLV content may also be associated with SWF files by ActionScript external references. FLV format can also be imported into Macromedia Flash Authoring tool. Unlike SWF format, FLV do not have maximum of 16000 frames limitation and ideally for large video file size.
|
